Introduction:
Isobutyronitrile, also referred to as 2-Cyanopropane or Isopropyl cyanide, holds pivotal importance in organic synthesis and pesticide production. This article provides an exhaustive examination of its characteristics, applications, and safety considerations.
Properties:
- Molecular Formula: C4H7N
- Molar Mass: 69.11 g/mol
- Density: 0.770 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
- Melting Point: -72 °C (lit.)
- Boiling Point: 107-108 °C (lit.)
- Flash Point: 39°F
- Appearance: Liquid
- Color: Clear colorless to light yellow
Isobutyronitrile is a clear, malodorous liquid with a refractive index of 3720. While insoluble in water, it readily dissolves in ethanol and ether.
Applications:
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Organic Synthesis Intermediates:
- Pesticide Production: Vital for synthesizing the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon, particularly in the production of the intermediate 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxy pyrimidine.
- Pharmaceutical Intermediates: Utilized as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis.
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Acrylic Resins:
- Additives: Acts as an additive in acrylic resin production.
Safety Considerations:
- Toxicity: Exhibits high toxicity, with rapid absorption through skin and lungs, posing severe health hazards. Rats show an oral LD50 of 102 mg/kg.
- Protective Measures: Essential precautions include protective gloves, eyewear, and a gas mask to prevent vapor inhalation and skin contact.
- Storage and Handling: Must be stored in flammable areas, away from fire and heat sources, typically in iron drums weighing 150 kg each.
Conclusion:
Isobutyronitrile assumes a crucial role in organic synthesis, notably in pesticide manufacturing like diazinon and acrylic resin production. Its toxicity mandates strict safety protocols during handling and storage. Adherence to these measures ensures the safe utilization of isobutyronitrile across various industrial domains.
