Introduction Pivaloylacetonitrile, also known as Cyanopinacolone, with the CAS number 59997-51-2, is an important compound in organic synthesis, particularly within the pharmaceutical and pesticide industries. Chemical Profile - Molecular Formula:C7H11NO - Molar Mass:125.17 g/mol - Density:Approximately 1.0459 g/cm³ (rough estimate) - Melting Point:66-69°C (lit.) - Boiling Point: 125-126°C at 22 mm Hg (lit.) - Flash Point: 59.5°C Physical Properties Pivaloylacetonitrile manifests as white to cream-colored crystals or a crystalline powder. It is insoluble in water, which enhances its utility in various organic synthesis applications. For optimal stability, it should be stored in a dark, sealed container at room temperature. Applications Pivaloylacetonitrile is primarily utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of: - Pharmaceuticals: Such as 1,1-dimethyl-3-uracil. - Pesticides:Serving as a crucial building block. - Film Photosensitizers: Contributing to the development of photographic materials. Conclusion Pivaloylacetonitrile is a vital intermediate in the chemical industry, facilitating the production of key pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Its stability and versatility make it an invaluable component in various organic synthesis processes.

Introduction: Acetonitrile, known by its chemical symbol AN and various synonyms such as Methyl cyanide, is a versatile chemical compound widely employed across different industrial sectors. This article provides an in-depth exploration of its properties, diverse applications, and essential safety considerations. Properties: Acetonitrile has a molecular formula of C2H3N and a molar mass of 41.05 g/mol. It appears as a colorless, transparent liquid with a morphology characterized by a color intensity less than 10 (APHA). The compound has a density of 0.7857 g/cm³ and a melting point of -46°C. It boils at 81-82°C and has a flash point of 2°C. Acetonitrile is highly miscible with water, diethyl ether, methanol,  chloroform, and various other solvents, but it is immiscible with saturated hydrocarbons. It forms an azeotropic mixture with water (at 76% water content). Applications: Chromatography: HPLC Solvent: Acetonitrile is extensively used as a solvent in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) due to its excellent solubility and low UV absorbance. Gas Chromatography: It serves as a stationary liquid phase in Gas Chromatography (GC) applications. Chemical Synthesis: Acetonitrile is employed as a solvent in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, particularly for extraction processes and as a diluent in non-aqueous titrations. It is utilized for the recrystallization of steroids and the extraction of fatty acids. Industrial Applications: It serves as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis, facilitating precise measurements in various analytical methods. Acetonitrile is involved in spectrophotometric determinations and as a solvent for inorganic compounds. Safety Considerations: Acetonitrile is flammable, forming explosive mixtures with air, which can ignite under open flame, high heat, or oxidizing conditions. It reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as sulfuric acid and perchlorates. The oral LD50 in rats is 3800 mg/kg, indicating moderate toxicity. Proper storage in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources is essential. It should be handled cautiously, avoiding contact with flammable materials, oxidants, acids, and alkalis to prevent hazardous reactions. Conclusion: Acetonitrile plays a pivotal role in analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical synthesis, and industrial applications due to its unique properties and versatility as a solvent and reactant. Adhering to safety guidelines is paramount to ensure its safe handling, storage, and use in various industrial and laboratory settings, minimizing risks associated with its flammability and chemical reactivity.

Introduction: Isobutyronitrile, also referred to as 2-Cyanopropane or Isopropyl cyanide, holds pivotal importance in organic synthesis and pesticide production. This article provides an exhaustive examination of its characteristics, applications, and safety considerations. Properties: Molecular Formula: C4H7N Molar Mass: 69.11 g/mol Density: 0.770 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.) Melting Point: -72 °C (lit.) Boiling Point: 107-108 °C (lit.) Flash Point: 39°F Appearance: Liquid Color: Clear colorless to light yellow Isobutyronitrile is a clear, malodorous liquid with a refractive index of 3720. While insoluble in water, it readily dissolves in ethanol and ether. Applications: Organic Synthesis Intermediates: Pesticide Production: Vital for synthesizing the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon, particularly in the production of the intermediate 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxy pyrimidine. Pharmaceutical Intermediates: Utilized as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis. Acrylic Resins: Additives: Acts as an additive in acrylic resin production. Safety Considerations: Toxicity: Exhibits high toxicity, with rapid absorption through skin and lungs, posing severe health hazards. Rats show an oral LD50 of 102 mg/kg. Protective Measures: Essential precautions include protective gloves, eyewear, and a gas mask to prevent vapor inhalation and skin contact. Storage and Handling: Must be stored in flammable areas, away from fire and heat sources, typically in iron drums weighing 150 kg each. Conclusion: Isobutyronitrile assumes a crucial role in organic synthesis, notably in pesticide manufacturing like diazinon and acrylic resin production. Its toxicity mandates strict safety protocols during handling and storage. Adherence to these measures ensures the safe utilization of isobutyronitrile across various industrial domains.

Chemical Overview: Name: Malononitrile Synonyms: MDN, Malonitrile, Malononitrile, Dicyanomethane, MALONODINITRILE, Malonodinitrile, Propanedinitrile, Cyanoacetonitrile, AKOS BBS-00004370, METHYLENE CYANIDE, METHYLENE DICYANIDE, Malononitrile (form1), MALONIC ACID DINITRIL, N-(4-Fluorobenzoyl)piperidine CAS: 109-77-3 Molecular Formula: C3H2N2 Molar Mass: 66.06 g/mol Physical and Chemical Properties: Density: 1.049 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) Melting Point: 30-32 °C (lit.) Boiling Point: 220 °C (lit.) Flash Point: 234°F Appearance: Crystalline low melting mass Color: White to yellow-brown Storage Condition: 2-8°C Uses and Applications: Pharmaceuticals: Intermediate for drugs such as triamterene. Used in the synthesis of important drugs like vitamin B1, methotrexate, and triamterene. Utilized in the production of diuretic drugs. Organic Synthesis: Raw material for the preparation of compounds such as 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. Used in the production of sulfonylurea herbicides (e.g., bensulfuron-methyl, pyrisulfuron-methyl). Key intermediate in the manufacture of herbicide bisoxyl. Other Applications: Important in the production of dyes and pesticides. Used as an extractant for gold. Safety Information: Toxicity: Malononitrile is toxic and can cause central nervous system poisoning, potentially leading to epilepsy. The LD50 for mice by intraperitoneal injection is 12.9 mg/kg. Handling: It should be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse away from fire, heat sources, oxidants, acids, and edible raw materials. It is essential to avoid high heat and contact with alkaline substances. Packaging: Typically packaged in 50kg or 200kg iron plastic drums to prevent moisture contamination. Summary: Malononitrile is a versatile organic compound with significant applications in pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, and various industrial processes. Its role as an intermediate in the production of drugs and herbicides underscores its importance in the chemical industry. However, due to its toxicity, proper handling, storage, and safety measures are crucial to ensure safe usage.

Introduction: 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate, also known as quinolin-8-ol or oxine sulfate, is a versatile chemical compound with wide-ranging applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This article offers a detailed examination of its properties, diverse uses, and essential safety precautions. Properties: With a molecular formula of 2C9H7NO.H2O4S and a molar mass of 388.4 g/mol, 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate typically manifests as yellow crystals. It boasts a density of approximately 1.3819 g/cm³, a melting point of around 175°C, and a boiling point of 569.4°C at 760 mmHg. Its flash point stands at 298.2°C, indicating robust thermal stability. Applications: Fungicides and Agricultural Chemicals: Metal Chelating Agent: Valued for its capacity to chelate heavy metals, aiding in soil detoxification and metal toxicity management in agriculture. Bactericidal Activity: Acts as an effective bactericide, controlling microbial growth on crops and improving agricultural productivity. Medical and Pharmaceutical Use: Antiseptic and Disinfectant: Employed in medical and pharmaceutical contexts for its sterilizing and disinfecting properties, contributing to hygiene and infection control. Preservative: Utilized as a preservative agent in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life. Industrial Applications: Forestry: Used in forestry to safeguard wood products against decay and pest damage. Chemical Industry: Serves as a key component in chemical synthesis and acts as an intermediate in various industrial processes. Cosmetics: Included in cosmetic products for its preservative attributes, ensuring product stability and safety. Safety and Handling: Effective handling and storage practices are imperative to ensure safety and efficacy: Storage Conditions: Maintain storage in an inert atmosphere at room temperature to prevent degradation. Protective Measures: Wear appropriate protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats to minimize direct contact and inhalation risks. Waste Disposal: Adhere to local regulations for proper disposal, preventing environmental contamination and safeguarding water sources. Conclusion: In conclusion, 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate stands as a versatile compound with indispensable roles across agriculture, medicine, and industry. Its diverse applications, coupled with stringent safety measures, underscore its significance as a multifunctional chemical agent in enhancing productivity, promoting health, and ensuring product integrity.

ntroduction: 2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)benzoic acid(CAS number 85-56-3), known by various synonyms, stands as a pivotal compound in pharmaceutical and dye industries. This article explores its properties, wide-ranging applications, and crucial role as an intermediate in synthesizing essential chemicals like chlorthalidone and 2-chloroanthraquinone. Properties: Defined by a chemical formula of C14H9ClO3 and a molar mass of 260.67 g/mol, 2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)benzoic acid manifests as crystalline white to off-white solid. Its density approximates 1.357 g/cm3, and it boasts a melting point spanning 149-150°C, rendering it ideal for diverse chemical processes. Applications: 2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)benzoic acid serves as a cornerstone intermediate in pharmaceutical and dye industries, driving key synthetic pathways: Pharmaceuticals: It constitutes a fundamental building block in the synthesis of chlorthalidone, a potent diuretic vital for managing hypertension and edema. Dyes: This compound is instrumental in crafting 2-chloroanthraquinone, a pivotal component in the production of vibrant dyes and pigments. Safety and Handling: Ensuring proper handling and storage protocols are paramount to workplace safety: Storage: Seal in dry conditions at room temperature to forestall degradation or contamination. Handling: Employ appropriate protective measures like gloves and goggles to avert direct contact with skin, eyes, or inhalation of vapors. Conclusion: In essence, 2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)benzoic acid emerges as a versatile linchpin in pharmaceutical and dye sectors. Its multifaceted applications, ranging from crafting chlorthalidone to synthesizing 2-chloroanthraquinone, underscore its indispensability in chemical synthesis. By adhering to safety protocols, researchers and manufacturers can harness its potential effectively, ensuring both efficiency and safety across diverse chemical processes.